Androgens, or sex hormones, are synthesized in the innermost layer of the adrenal cortex known as the zona reticularis.They also play a role in maintaining a normal stress response cycle. These hormones regulate the processing of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates by the human body. The glucocorticoid family of hormones is synthesized in the middle layer of the adrenal cortex known as the zona fasciculata.Additionally, the ion gradient initiates conservation of water. Specifically, it binds receptors of cells that comprise the distal tubules of the kidneys which then stimulate ion channels to conserve sodium and excrete potassium. For example, aldosterone functions to raise blood sodium levels and lower blood potassium levels by targeting the kidneys.

Their function is to regulate the concentration of electrolytes circulating in the blood. Mineralocorticoid hormones are synthesized in the outermost layer of the adrenal cortex known as the zona glomerulosa.Classes Īdrenocortical hormones are divided into three classes by function: mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens. These hormones also function in regulating the conservation of water by the kidneys and glucose metabolism, respectively. Examples of adrenocortical hormones that are involved in the stress response are aldosterone and cortisol. Threats to homeostasis, such as injury, chemical imbalances, infection, or psychological stress, can initiate a stress response. These polycyclic steroid hormones have a variety of roles that are crucial for the body’s response to stress (for example, the fight-or-flight response), and they also regulate other functions in the body. In humans and other animals, the adrenocortical hormones are hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, the outer region of the adrenal gland.

Adrenal cortical function